Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways

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dc.contributor.author	Zenetos, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Gofas, S.	en
dc.contributor.author	Morri, C.	en
dc.contributor.author	Rosso, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Violanti, D.	en
dc.contributor.author	Garcia Raso, J.	en
dc.contributor.author	Cinar, M.	en
dc.contributor.author	Almogi-Labin, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Ates, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Azzurro, E.	en
dc.contributor.author	Ballesteros, E.	en
dc.contributor.author	Bianchi, C.	en
dc.contributor.author	Bilecenoglu, M.	en
dc.contributor.author	Gambi, M.	en
dc.contributor.author	Giangrande, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Gravili, C.	en
dc.contributor.author	Hyams-Kaphzan, O.	en
dc.contributor.author	Karachle, P.	en
dc.contributor.author	Katsanevakis, S.	en
dc.contributor.author	Lipej, L.	en
dc.contributor.author	Mastrototaro, F.	en
dc.contributor.author	Mineur, F.	en
dc.contributor.author	Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.	en
dc.contributor.author	Ramos Espla, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Salas, C.	en
dc.contributor.author	San Martin, G.	en
dc.contributor.author	Sfriso, A.	en
dc.contributor.author	Streftaris, N.	en
dc.contributor.author	Verlaque, M.	en
dc.date.accessioned	2016-03-30T05:15:45Z
dc.date.issued	2016-03-30
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/686
dc.rights	Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 3.0 Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες	*
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/	*
dc.subject	Biological invasions	en
dc.subject	marine aliens	en
dc.subject	biogeography	en
dc.subject	trends	en
dc.subject	pathways	en
dc.subject	Mediterranean Sea	en
dc.title	Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways	en
heal.type	journalArticle
heal.keywordURI	N/A-Biological invasions
heal.keywordURI	N/A-marine aliens
heal.keywordURI	N/A-biogeography
heal.keywordURI	N/A-trends
heal.keywordURI	N/A-pathways
heal.keywordURI	N/A-Mediterranean Sea
heal.identifier.secondary	DOI: 10.12681/mms.327
heal.dateAvailable	2016-03-30T05:20:45Z
heal.language	en
heal.access	free
heal.recordProvider	Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos, Greece	en
heal.recordProvider	Departamento de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain	en
heal.recordProvider	DiSTAV (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione Scienze della Terra, Laboratorio Paleoecologia, Università di Catania, Corso Italia, Catania, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università diTorino, Torino, Italy	it
heal.recordProvider	Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Hydrobiology, Izmir, Turkey	en
heal.recordProvider	Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malchei Israel St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel	en
heal.recordProvider	Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey	en
heal.recordProvider	ISPRA, National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Piazzale dei Marmi 2, 57123 Livorno, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Centre d’Estudis Avanç ats de Blanes (CSIC), Acc. Cala, Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain	es
heal.recordProvider	Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, 09010 Aydin, Turkey	en
heal.recordProvider	Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, CONISMA, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Ita	it
heal.recordProvider	Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Box 134, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greec	en
heal.recordProvider	European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Water Resources Unit, Ispra, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia	en
heal.recordProvider	Department of Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy	en
heal.recordProvider	Aix-Marseille University, UMR7294 MIO Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, 13288 cedex 9, Marseille, France	fr
heal.recordProvider	Centro de Investigación Marina de Santa Pola, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain	es
heal.recordProvider	Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, Calle Darwin, 2, E-28049, Spain	es
heal.recordProvider	Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Calle Larga 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy	it
heal.publicationDate	2012
heal.bibliographicCitation	Zenetos,A.,Gofas,S.,Morri,C.,Rosso,A.,Violanti,D.,Garcia Raso,J.,Cinar,A.,Almogi-Labin,A.,Ates,A.,Azzurro,E.,Ballesteros,E.,Bianchi,C.,Bilecenoglu,M.,Gambi,M.,Giangrande,A.,Gravili,C.,Hyams-Kaphzan,O.,Karachle,P.,Katsanevakis,S.,Lipej,L.,Mastrototaro,F.,Mineur,F.,Pancucci-Papadopoulou,M.,Ramos Espla,A.,Salas,C.,San Martin,G.,Sfriso,A.,Streftaris,N.,Verlaque,M.(2012).Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways,Mediterranean Marine Science,Vol(13/2):328-352.	en
heal.abstract	More than 60 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) have been removed from previous lists and 84 species have been added, bringing the total to 986 alien species in the Mediterranean [775 in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED), 249 in the central Mediterranean (CMED), 190 in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA) and 308 in the western Mediterranean (WMED)]. There were 48 new entries since 2011 which can be interpreted as approximately one new entry every two weeks. The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish. The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions. In the EMED, molluscs are the most species-rich group, followed by crustaceans, fish and polychaetes. More than half (54%) of the marine alien species in the Mediterranean were probably introduced by corridors (mainly Suez). Shipping is blamed directly for the introduction of only 12 species, whereas it is assumed to be the most likely pathway of introduction (via ballasts or fouling) of another 300 species. For approximately 100 species shipping is a probable pathway along with the Suez Canal and/or aquaculture. Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species. A total of 18 species are assumed to have been introduced by the aquarium trade. Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture. There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shipping.	en
heal.publisher	H.C.M.R.	en
heal.journalName	Mediterranean Marine Science	en
heal.journalType	peer-reviewed
heal.fullTextAvailability	true
heal.coverage.spatial	Mediterranean Sea	el